Previously, hemoglobin <10 gm/dL, abnormal karyotype, ASXL1, and SETBP1 mutations have been found to significantly predict adverse OS [13]; however, these data were based on RARS-T patients, which were not subject to MDS/MPN-RS-T exclusionary criteria such as PB blast% ≥1, BM blast% ≥5 or cytogenetic abnormalities such as t(3;3)(q21.2;q26.2), inv(3)(q21.23q26.2) or isolated del(5q). The gene discussed is ASXL1; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.