PDGFA and glioblastoma: The only identified receptor of PDGFA is PDGFRA, which is one of the most typical features of Proneural GBM, and interestingly, all subtypes are thought to evolve from proneural-like glioma precursor and most secondary GBMs highly resemble proneural phenotype.18 PDGFRA functions as a putative driver gene during glioma development induced by intracranial radiation.19,20 These findings reveal PDGFA/PDGFRA as a potential therapeutic target, but targeting the signaling axis has failed in clinical trials.