To evaluate the effects of inhibitors on PDGFRA on PDGFA signaling, we pre-treated GBM cells with imatinib (IMA), a potent PDGFRA inhibitor, but we surprisingly found that inhibition on PDGFRA activity could not diminish the activation of AKT, a well-known downstream target of PDGFA (Fig. 1c). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and glioblastoma.