While the VIC culture conditions favored dystrophic calcification over osteogenic calcification, 1 of the top signaling pathways identified by IPA analysis was the role of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis (Figure 6D), suggesting that Ca2+ influx through CaV1.2 may be an activating signal for both calcification pathways. Here, CACNA1C is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.