The marginal zone repertoire in 3H9 Sle1 and 3H9 Sle1 TNF–/– mice was highly restricted, with a high frequency of Vk12-46 light chains as we have previously reported in other lupus strains (Supplemental Figure 4, F and H) (43, 45). Here, TLR5 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.