PARP1 and breast carcinoma: We recently demonstrated that RNF144A is epigenetically silencing in breast cancer cells by promoter hypermethylation [15], suppresses breast cancer progression through promoting the degradation of oncoprotein heat-shock protein family A member 2 (HSPA2) [16], and regulates the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors through modulating the degradation PARP1 [17].