CCK8 and colony formation assays revealed that ectopic expression of RNF144A in MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation (Fig. 3B) and colony formation (Fig. 3C, D), but the noted effects were partially rescued following re-expression of GMFG in RNF144A overexpressing cells. Here, RNF144A is linked to breast cancer.