HSPA5 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: As it is shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b), the protein level of GRP78, the UPR master regulator, in the VMH was 2.1-fold lower in T2DM than in the control group (p = 0.005), reflecting impaired UPR and possible proteotoxicity, while mRNA Grp78 level did not change (Figure 6(c)).