In contrast, in other studies on STZ-treated diabetic rats, UPR-related proteins, such as GRP78/BiP, were increased in glomerular and tubular cells [46] and BiP, CHOP, p-PERK, and p-eIF2α levels were increased in the diabetic mice [47], demonstrating diabetes-related augmentation of ER stress. Here, DDIT3 is linked to diabetes mellitus.