Consistent with our previous findings BCAS causes predominantly white matter pathology with minimal ischaemic neuronal damage (only one of the WT-BCAS mice had evidence of neuronal damage).21 Our findings collectively indicate that Nox2 mediates at least in part the hypoperfusion-induced white matter pathology and cognitive deficits, thus suggesting a potential mechanism in VCI-related white matter susceptibility and memory loss. The gene discussed is CYBB; the disease is Cognitive impairment.