We showed that vascular Nox2 increases in severe SVD, confirming the importance of oxidative damage as a critical mechanism in human SVD,71 and our hypothesis on the role of Nox2 in human ageing-related brain pathology.39 Furthermore, we confirmed an associated increase of indices of microvascular inflammation, especially immune mediator and chemoattractant factor CCL2 (MCP1). This evidence concerns the gene CYBB and snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration.