Our first goal was to define the endometriosis-associated inflammation throughout the progression of endometriosis by characterizing Tregs and Th17 profiles using the non-human primate induced model of endometriosis. Increased Th17 cells and their cytokine profiles have been observed in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis24, and excessive IL-17 from Th17 cells is associated with the severity of disease25. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is endometriosis.