ACTA1 and Hepatic fibrosis: In addition, the degree of hepatic fibrosis and inflammation were remarkably decreased in the CDAHFD-E2 group compared with the CDAHFD-P group, as assessed by Sirius red staining, hydroxyproline levels, quantification analyses of the fibrotic and inflammatory markers α-Sma, Col1α1, Tnf-α and Il-6, and IHC analysis of F4/80 (Fig. 9d–f and Supplementary Fig. 13e–g).