TGFB1 and pterygium: GO enrichment analysis on consistent DEGs comparing different datasets revealed that the 3D pterygium model had upregulation GO terms consistent with the pterygium tissues correlated to activation of immune response, the regulation of cell-cell junctions and cell-substrate junctions, EMT, VEGF production, integrin-mediated signaling pathways, non-canonical Wnt signaling (planar cell polarity), and TGF-β/SMAD signaling (Fig. 5C, Supplementary Figure S4E).