Combined with researchers from previous studies, researchers of our group and other groups have determined the following critical roles of RNF5 in virus infection: RNF5 ubiquitinates STING and MAVS for degradation to decrease the IFN-β response, and RNF5 ubiquitinates SARS-CoV-2 M to facilitate virion release. Here, STING1 is linked to viral infectious disease.