TLR2 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Moreover, blockade of TLR2/4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway has proven to improve pulmonary inflammation in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [33], play a protective role in ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium [34], suppress acne vulgaris [35], and alleviate LPS-induced inflammation of human periodontal ligament cells [36].