Pathogenic variants in genes that encode key components of pulmonary surfactant include surfactant protein B (SP-B, SFTPB gene), surfactant protein C (SP-C, SFTPC gene), and the ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3, ABCA3 gene) and are leading inherited causes of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) (Garmany et al., 2008). The gene discussed is ABCA3; the disease is newborn respiratory distress syndrome.