TNF and acute pancreatitis: In a hypertriglyceridemia HFD-fed model (20% lard and 3% cholesterol) SD rats that underwent acute pancreatitis induction, quercetin (100, 150, 200 mg/kg, i.p. injection; 30, 60, 120, 180 min following acute pancreatitis induction) dose-dependently reduced pancreatic damage and suppressed pancreatic inflammation by reducing mRNA expression of inflammatory markers including NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα [161].