Six variables showed significant associations with CKD in the univariate analysis, including age (p < 0.0001), male gender (p < 0.0001), HbA1c (p = 0.002), fasting glucose (p = 0.04), CAP values (p = 0.03), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (p = 0.04), and creatinine (p < 0.001) (Table 3). Here, ACE is linked to chronic kidney disease.