When NPCs are placed in the pathological state of low blood supply, BMSC-Exos could increase miR-155 expression in NPCs, thereby downregulating Bach1 expression and upregulating heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) expression, activating autophagy in NPCs, inhibiting the level of apoptosis, thereby inhibiting IDD (Shi et al., 2021). The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is intervertebral disk degenerative disorder.