EC autophagy deficiency improves the levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), von Willebrand factor, and P-selectin, thus promoting the infiltration of macrophages and foam cells, as well as increasing the risk of arterial thrombosis (Wu Q. et al., 2019; Perrotta et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and Arterial thrombosis.