TNF and alkaline phosphatase measurement: Research by Li et al. found that when mouse AP was caused by intraductal hypertension, STAT3 phosphorylation was activated, serum AMY, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels were all significantly increased, and the tight junction of the pancreas disappeared (the expression levels of ZO-1 and occludin decreased) (Wen et al., 2018).