Vanishing white matter disease (VWMD; MIM# 603896) is an autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy belonging to the group of astrocytopathies that is caused by mutations in any of the five genes (EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, and EIF2B5) encoding the subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) that is essential for protein synthesis (92, 93). This evidence concerns the gene EIF2B1 and ovarioleukodystrophy.