Vanishing white matter disease (VWMD; MIM# 603896) is an autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy belonging to the group of astrocytopathies that is caused by mutations in any of the five genes (EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, and EIF2B5) encoding the subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) that is essential for protein synthesis (92, 93). Here, EIF2B1 is linked to leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter.