especially in hepatocellular carcinoma, tumor cell-derived IL-34 can stimulate TAM to produce transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1), inhibit the expression of miR-28-5p on HCC cells (61), promote the differentiation and proliferation of TAM, and indirectly promote the differentiation and progression of HCC (61). This evidence concerns the gene IL34 and hepatocellular carcinoma.