Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling, as the upstream of HIF-1α (111, 112), regulates survival and immunosuppression of GC cells and sustains inflammation in TAMs, including tumor cell recognition and tumor-driven immune escape (113–115), and it is essential in the activation of macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells (116, 117). Here, HIF1A is linked to neoplasm.