TNF and neoplasm: Neutrophils, as an important component of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, can release several cytokines [such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ)], which is mediated by multiple mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, lipids, and growth factors in TME (50).