SMAD3 and central nervous system cancer: Furthermore, it has been found that the upregulation of miR-323a-3p expression can induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation and migration of glioma cells by targeting IGF-1R [37] and damage the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer cells by regulating the MET/SMAD3/SNAIL circuit [38] and negatively regulate LDHA expression to disrupt glycolysis in osteosarcoma cells [39].