CD274 and adenocarcinoma: To compare the accuracy of different models or predictors in our study, we first used three meaningful clinical features, including age (≤ 60 vs. > 60 years), histology (squamous vs. adenocarcinoma), and immunotherapy (anti-PD-1 vs. anti-PD-L1), to build a clinical model using logistic regression [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.663, 95% CI: 0.568–0.756, P = 0.001; AUC = 0.680, 95% CI: 0.565–0.796, P = 0.005, respectively; Figures 4C, D].