Autoimmune GluR3 antibodies, and especially GluR3B peptide antibodies, are found in a significant number of patients with enigmatic and uncontrollable epilepsy, have unique features, and induce multiple pathological effects in vitro and in vivo (2–7, 10, 13–15, 19–21, 23–25, 28, 31, 32, 49, 82). This evidence concerns the gene GRM3 and epilepsy.