PROS1 and infection: PVNA, surprisingly, is a safe (BSL-2), efficient (7.5 h), and scalable (r ≥ 0.9 and p ≤ 0.001) method that may be utilized to evaluate novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, post-infection- and vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies, and S protein-based COVID-19 therapies.