Li et al. (2019) revealed the association between IL-37 and T2D. The authors showed an overexpression of IL-37 in the peripheral blood monocyte cells of T2D patients when compared to healthy controls. A significant difference was detected using ELISA between the serum level of IL-37 in T2D vs. control subjects. Additionally, the study showed that gut microbiota dysbiosis significantly contributed to the development of T2D and that a better response to insulin therapy was seen in patients with higher IL-37 levels (Ballak et al., 2014; Li et al., 2019). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.