In the inflammatory response of colitis it has been reported that MSC-derived exosomes attenuate inflammation through decrease in TNF-α, nuclear factor kappaBp65 (NF-κBp65), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and increase in expression of IL-10. Here, PTGS2 is linked to colitis.