INS and obesity disorder: Compared with the normal group, maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and GAGM alone and two combined groups have significantly higher maternal age, ppBMI, number of previous pregnancies, related indicators of 75 g OGTT including FBG, 1 h postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), 2 h PPG, fasting insulin, 1 h insulin, 2 h insulin, HbA1c, neonatal birth weight and lower primiparity, gestational weight gain, and Apgar scores.