Also other TGF-beta-induced factors, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (Rawson et al., 2016) and Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) (Hsieh et al., 2021) are significantly increased in the EoE esophageal epithelium and are associated with fibrosis and collagen deposition. The gene discussed is THBS1; the disease is eosinophilic esophagitis.