The evidence that Smad3 (TGF-β signaling pathway), -deficient EoE mice show reduced esophageal fibrosis and angiogenesis (Cho et al., 2014) has induced the theory that anti-TGF-β therapy could be used to prevent fibrosis and remodeling in EoE patients. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and eosinophilic esophagitis.