IL4 and eosinophilic esophagitis: Some other less repeated but interesting studies reported the presence of gluten deposits in esophageal surface of adult patients (Marietta et al., 2017), the presence of T killer cells able to recognize lipids and produce IL-4 and IL-13 after stimulation with cow milk lipids in patients with active EoE (Jyonouchi et al., 2013) and Th2 cells with CD154 + IL5 + phenotype in the peripheral blood of active EoE patients (but not in control atopic patients or inactive EoE patients) that can be stimulated by milk antigens in milk-induced EoE patients (Cianferoni et al., 2018).