NLRP3 and gout: NLRP3 can sense diverse stimuli including pathogen components, environment irritants, and host danger effectors, so its aberrant activation leads to many inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis (Mao et al., 2013), gout (Martinon et al., 2006), type 2 diabetes (Masters et al., 2010), atherosclerosis (Duewell et al., 2010; Bai et al., 2021), and Alzheimer’s disease (Heneka et al., 2013).