INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In view of the various published studies, the Endocrine Society guidelines published in 2018 recommended CSII systems use over multiple daily insulin injections in patients with T1DM who are not achieving their glycaemic targets, alternatively achieving their targets but continuing to experience severe hypoglycaemia, require increased flexibility with their insulin administration due to a variety of factors, or seek improved treatment satisfaction (Peters et al., 2018).