SLC6A3 and ischemia: For numerous transporters, a reversed activity has been documented in pathological conditions [GABA and glutamate transporters in epilepsy and ischemia (Szatkowski et al., 1990; Rossi et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2003)], in response to drugs [influence of psychostimulants on the dopamine transporter (Sulzer et al., 1995)] or at some stages of the development {chloride channel in the GABAA ionotropic receptor [for review, see Peerboom and Wierenga (2021)]}.