HMGB1 and inflammatory response: Of note, anti-HMGB1 therapy was effective in significantly reducing disease severity even when administered days after onset of severe inflammation (Huston et al., 2007), and anti-HMGB1 antibodies and HMGB1-targeted sorption beads have a protective effect in experimental intestinal inflammation (Maeda et al., 2007; Yang et al., 2009; Ju et al., 2014).