TNF and Peri-Implantitis: In their study, Wu et al. [46] demonstrated that overexpression of miR-27a positively regulated osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling by inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α during bone formation in vitro. In addition, the same group showed that miR-27a had a strong impact during new bone formation and re-osseointegration of dental implants that lost bone support due to peri-implantitis.