PTPA and Alzheimer disease: In AD conditions, oxidative stress induces neuronal cell death via stimulating autophagy of accumulated Aβ and permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane leading to neuron death. Oxidative stress-induced-mitochondrial damage in pyramidal neurons is considered as autophagic degradation in AD (mitophagy), resulting in neurodegeneration. Improper expression of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is related to the onset of some NDDs via an increase in susceptibility to oxidative stress-mediated cell death [46].