discovered that GM1 ganglioside has an anti-PD potential which is described as the ability to promote autophagy by the autophagosomes in the substantia nigra of PD mice along with alterations of LC3-II and p62 in the MPP + -treated SH-SY5Y cells, which are dependent on the removal of α-synuclein [86]. This evidence concerns the gene SQSTM1 and Parkinson disease.