VAPB and frontotemporal dementia: It has been observed that C9ORF72 depletion via regulation of mTORC1, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), optineurin, valosin-contain protein, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), ALS2 (Alsin), p62, vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB or ALS8), and sigma receptor-1 (SigR1 or ALS16) have participated in ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) as autophagy-related NDDs [90, 91].