TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies were first shown to be effective in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or SpA, and then in IBD and their extradigestive manifestations, since the 2000s.5 Even if there is evidence supporting the overall good tolerance and safety of anti-TNF biopharmaceuticals, some paradoxical various inflammatory manifestations have been described since their arrival on the market.6