ATG5 and melanoma: Recently, compelling evidence has proven that inhibition of FTO, targeting PD-1, CXCR4, and SOX10 in an m6A/YTHDF2-mediated manner, threatens to interfere with the malignant transformation of melanoma cells and growth of melanoma, and downregulation of the essential autophagy genes ATG5 or ATG7 reduces starvation-induced FTO and PD-1 expression, as well as NF-κB activity under metabolic stress, suggesting that upregulated FTO advancing melanoma tumorigenesis is induced by autophagy and the NF-κB pathways [103].