VEGFA and lung cancer: Sen et al. [1] found that preoperative TPVB significantly reduced the dose of perioperative analgesics, decreased the postoperative serum concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and reduced the risk of invasion, proliferation, and metastasis of the residual lung cancer cells in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.