As shown in Fig. 2A, treatment with the MyD88 inhibitor significantly decreased the levels of G-CSF (to 47.3% of the CAC group), IL-6 (to 69.0% of the CAC group), and TGF-β (to 50.2% of the CAC group)-producing CD3− splenocytes in mice with AOM/DSS-induced CAC eight weeks post-induction, findings that were consistent with our previous findings. Here, TGFB1 is linked to infectious otitis media.