Regarding the association between COVID-19 severity and risk factors, a logistic regression analysis stepwise method revealed that older age (OR = 1.07), high BMI (OR = 1.18), and the steroid use (OR = 1.74) were risk factors for COVID-19, but anti-TNFα antibodies was not (Table 4, Supplementary Fig. 3, and 4). Here, TNF is linked to COVID-19.