INS and cancer: Currently, several artificial intelligence (AI) products have been developed, covering all aspects of healthcare, like the prediction of the risk of acute or chronic disease (e.g., cardiovascular risk, gastrointestinal bleeding, glaucoma), the prediction of risk of cancer/cancer recurrence and the survival likelihood in oncologic patients, the management of common chronic conditions (e.g., optimization of insulin dose in type-1 diabetes), the organization of clinical, surgical and anesthesiologic services, and the discovery of new drugs (2–13).