HSPA1A and atherosclerosis: In addition, HSP70 has been shown to have crucial functions in inflammation/immune-related regulation and vascular endothelial dysfunction and to be linked to a series of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, as well as cancer (Thériault et al., 2005; Henderson and Pockley, 2010; Costa-Beber et al., 2020).