Chan et al. reported that activation of GPER with G-1 inhibits the growth of androgen-dependent and androgen-independent PCa cells in vitro and PC-3 xenografts in vivo, through sustained activation of ERK1/2, c-Jun/c-Fos-dependent up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21), and induction of G2 cell-cycle arrest (35). This evidence concerns the gene FOS and posterior cortical atrophy.