CD4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Although the frequency of total CD4 effector T cells in total T cells shows no difference (Figure S6), T1D individuals have lower frequency of naïve CD4 T cells and higher frequency of central memory (CM) and effect memory (EM) CD4 T cells in both CD4 effector (Figures 4(a) and 4(b)) and CD3 T (Figure S5) cells.