To substantiate whether PIWIL1 induced drug resistance through autophagy/mitophagy, we treated transfected MM cells with 5 mM of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) for 12 h or 5 μM of the mitophagy inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) for 24 h. Here, PIWIL1 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.