ZAR1 and infection: Two major types of R-genes [i.e., coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR)-type (e.g., ZAR1) and toll/interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NB-LRR)-type (e.g., TAO1)] regulate the activation of the plant immune response to counteract pathogenic infection (Jones and Dangl, 2006; Joshi and Nayak, 2011; Wang et al., 2015).