Furthermore, a recent study demonstrated that the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B) inhibitor sc-222227 effectively promotes microglial M1-to-M2 transformation and inhibits the release of microglia-mediated inflammatory cytokines following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury by modulating the ER stress–autophagy axis via PERK signaling in microglia (144). The gene discussed is PTPN1; the disease is brain ischemia.