ATF4 and Cerebral ischemia: A study that investigated the function of ATF4 and its underlying mechanism in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury showed that overexpression of ATF4 alleviated rat cerebral I/R injury by modulating the mitophagy–NLRP3 inflammasome axis (187), while ATF4 knockdown by siRNA induced the opposite effect.