M1 macrophages (classically activated) are thought to be neurotoxic and are related to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), while M2 macrophages (alternatively activated) are neuroprotective and promote tissue repair and stroke recovery (13). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is stroke disorder.