Considering that HSV-1 modifies the actin filaments via cofilin to facilitate its infection of neurons, specifically, HSV-1 infection firstly enhances F-actin polymerization to promote virus binding, which is followed by continuous depolymerization of F-actin during the later stages to facilitate viral penetration (Xiang et al., 2012b; Zheng et al., 2014). Here, CFL1 is linked to infection.