INS and Hyperglycemia: Insulin injections comprise two types of insulin formulations: (i) a long-acting analog (e.g., insulin detemir, glargine, or degludec) to maintain glucose levels constant during fasting conditions and overnight, accounting for about 50% of daily insulin requirements; (ii) a rapid-acting analog (e.g., insulin lispro, aspart or glulisine) at mealtimes to compensate for the glycemic excursions due to the macronutrient content of the ingested food or as a correction for hyperglycemia (12).